No description is available for this CVE.
This vulnerability affects case-insensitive file systems, therefore typical Linux scenarios should be safe. However as per upstream exploitation is even possible on Linux under certain circumstances.
If symbolic link support is disabled in Git (e.g. via git config --global core.symlinks false), the described attack won't work.
Likewise, if no clean/smudge filters such as Git LFS are configured globally (i.e. before cloning), the attack is foiled.
As always, it is best to avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources.